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講座大師 - 第二十一屆 |
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| 葉 軍 |
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A new horizon in light-matter control
光 ─ 物質控制的新視野 |
The relentless pursuit of spectroscopy resolution has been a key driving force for many scientific and technological breakthroughs over the past century, including the invention of laser and the creation of cold atomic matter. The most stable lasers can now maintain optical phase coherence over tens of seconds. This unprecedented spectral resolving power has been transferred across the entire visible spectrum and beyond, unleashing powerful new spectroscopic applications. Together with the precise control of light, emerging technologies based on quantum state engineering of ultracold matter have revolutionized a new generation of optical atomic clocks with precision reaching the 19th digit. The unified front of precision metrology and quantum physics allows us to explore complex quantum systems, test the fundamental laws of nature, search for new physics, and find unexpected applications.
對光譜鑑別率的努力不懈的追求，一直是前一世紀許多科學和技術突破的驅動力量，包括雷射的發明和冷原子物質的創造。現在最穩定雷射的相位相干性可維持超過幾十秒。這個空前的光譜鑑別率已經轉用到整個可見光譜範圍，甚至超出，釋放出強而有力的新的光譜應用。結合光的精確控制，建立於超冷物質的量子態工程的新興技術，已經革新了新一代的光學原子鐘，其精密度可達第19位數字。精密計量學和量子物理的聯合運作，使我們得以探究複雜的量子系統，檢驗自然界的基本定律，探索新物理，和找到意想之外的應用。
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Quantum matter and atomic clocks
量子物質和原子鐘 |
Precise quantum state engineering of individual atoms has led to the unprecedented measurement performance for time and frequency. The use of many atoms not only enhances the counting statistics, but is also emerging as a powerful tool to protect against systematic uncertainties. At the core of the new JILA three-dimensional optical lattice clock is a quantum gas of fermionic atoms that are spatially correlated to guard against motional and collisional effects. The convolution of precision control of light and matter is helping bridge different disciplines in physics and fostering new capabilities to probe fundamental and emerging phenomena.
個別原子的精準量子態工程，已經導致前所未見的對時間和頻率的測量表現。使用多個原子不僅加強了計數統計性，而且形成為新興的有力工具，用於防止系統誤差。在新製JILA三維光學晶格鐘的核心，是由費米子組成的量子氣體，具有空間關聯性，可防止運動和碰撞引起的效應。光和物質之間精準控制的錯綜複雜機制，正可橋接物理學的不同領域，並培養新能力，用以探究基礎的和新發現的現象。
【註】：JILA是「Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics」的首字母縮寫簡稱。
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