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講座大師 - 第二十二屆 |
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| 金政 |
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An intriguing quantum world at near-zero temperatures
在近零溫度下的精采量子世界 |
Laser cooling and trapping embark an exploration into a new world where quantum mechanics dominates all laws of physics. Quantization of motion, interference of matterwaves, entanglement, among other bizarre phenomena that defy our intuition are now right in front of our eyes. In this new world, new tools with magical power to manipulate the fundamental properties of matter are uncovered and becomes standard toolbox to further our exploration. I will outline some of the most amazing findings, as well as on-going global endeavor (among theorists and experimentalists) to conquer legendary beasts on this queer land.
雷射冷卻和陷捕技術啟動了對一個新世界的探索，在該世界中，量子力學掌控了所有的物理定律。運動的量子化、物質波的干涉、量子纏結、還有其他違反我們直覺的怪異現象，現今就顯現在我們的眼前。在這個新世界中，具有魔力可操控物質基本性質的新工具已被揭露了，並已成為伸展我們探索的標準工具箱。我將描述一些最令人驚異的發現和正在進行中的全球性努力(在理論學家和實驗研究者之間)，去征服在這怪異土地上的傳奇野獸。
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Quantum simulation and quantum information
量子模擬和量子訊息 |
One of the most satisfying moments in my study of science as a young student came from the realization of the same principle that governs seemingly unrelated physical systems. This underlies the concept of quantum simulation that a physical system A (atoms in our lab) can be programmed to evolve just like a system B that is frequently out of our control, e.g., early universe. Quantum simulation can be regarded as a unique form of quantum computation that targets major challenges in physics. It is an extremely active research area led by innovative ideas and holding promises to tackle long-lasting puzzles in many branches of physics.
在我作為青年學生研讀科學的過程中，最令我心滿意足的時刻之一，是理解到同一個原理竟然能支配多個似乎彼此不相關的物理系統。這構建了量子模擬的概念，一個物理系統A (在我們實驗室的原子)可以加以設定步驟，逐步演化宛如另一個不常在我們控制下的系統B，例如早期的宇宙。量子模擬可以認為是量子計算的一個獨特形式，已成為物理研究的主要挑戰目標。它是一項由創新想法引導的極為熱絡的研究領域，有希望解決在許多物理學分支領域的長久難題。
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